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Bipolar disorder in children
Bipolar disorder (BD) in children, or pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), is a condition that affects mood and energy. It is characterized by extreme changes in mood that range from depressive "lows" to manic "highs." It has been a controversial diagnosis, with big differences in how commonly it is diagnosed across clinics and countries. Until the 1990s, bipolar disorder was thought to be rare in children and adolescents. There has been a rapid increase in research on the topic, but training and clinical practice lag behind.
Identifying BD in youth is challenging because, while adults with BD often have distinct periods of depression and mania that last for weeks, months, or longer, youth diagnosed with BD frequently have depressive and manic symptoms that occur daily, and sometimes simultaneously either as rapid shifts or periods of high energy negative mood.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/info_bipolar.asp )〕 Comorbid disorders are common, which makes determining what symptoms are signs of BD and which are due to other disorders (e.g., depression, ADHD, disruptive behavior problems) crucial both for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
==Signs and symptoms==
In children with BD, there may be a more rapid change in mood than in adults.〔 In children, mania may present with psychotic symptoms and mixed manic depressive episodes.〔 This presentation often differs from classic descriptions of mania in adults, yet children who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder show the same brain abnormalities as adults, further complicating diagnosis.〔 Children with PBD experience recurrent periods of mania, characterized by elevated and irritable moods, or depression.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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